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The Early Years of Native American Art History Chapter 4

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This is a chronological list of significant or pivotal moments in the evolution of Native American art or the visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Earlier dates, especially earlier the 18th century, are mostly approximate.

Before common era [edit]

  • 33,950–15,050 BCE: Artists paints hundreds of images at Serra da Capivara, Piauí, in northeastern Brazil.[1]
  • 12,800–8,500 BCE: Artists etch the Winnemucca Lake petroglyphs, virtually Reno, Nevada.[2]
  • 11,000 BCE: Megafauna bone etched with a contour image of a walking mammoth and cross-hatched designs left near Vero Beach, Florida is the oldest known portable art in the Americas[iii]
  • 10,000–7000 BCE: "Horny Little Man," a petroglyph depicting a stick figure with an oversized phallus, is carved in Lapa practice Santo, a cave in central-eastern Brazil, is the oldest reliably dated rock art in the Americas.[4]
  • 9250–8950 BCE: Clovis points - thin, fluted projectile points created using bifacial percussion flaking - are created by Clovis culture peoples in the Plains and Southwestern North America[5]
  • 9250–8550 BCE: Monte Alegre culture rock paintings created at Caverna da Pedra Pintada become the oldest known paintings in South America.[6] [7]
  • 9000 BCE: A homo and kid interred in a cavern most Serranópolis in central Brazil are accompanied by necklaces of human teeth and mother of pearl[8]
  • 8500 BCE minimum age (could date back to 12,800 BCE): The Winnemucca Lake petroglyphs located nigh Winnemucca Lake, a dry lakebed in northwestern Nevada, are the primeval known petroglyphs in Northward America. They feature repeating designs of dots and arches, and other abstruse designs.[9]
  • 8000 BCE: Fiberwork left in Guitarrero Cavern, Republic of peru is the earliest known example of textiles in South America[10]
  • 8200 BCE: Cooper Bison skull is painted with a scarlet zigzag in nowadays day Oklahoma,[11] becoming the oldest known painted object in North America.[12]
  • 7650 BCE: Cavern painting in the Toquepala Caves, Peru
  • 7370±ninety: Stenciled hands are painted with mineral inks at the Cueva de las Manos, nigh Perito Moreno, Argentina, too as images of humans, guanacos, rheas, felines, other animals, geometric shapes, the sun, and hunting scenes[13] [14]
  • 7300 BCE: A painted herringbone pattern from Tecolate Cave in the Mojave Desert of California is the earliest well-dated pictograph in Northward America.[xv]
  • 5630 BCE: Ceramics left at Caverna da Pedra Pintada, Brazil are the earliest known ceramics in the Americas[sixteen]
  • 3450 BCE: Watson Brake, congenital by a hunter-gatherer lodge in Louisiana, is the earliest known mound complex in N America[17]
  • 2885 BCE: Valdivia culture pottery is created in coastal Republic of ecuador[18]
  • 2600–2000 BCE: Awe-inspiring architecture, including platform mounds and sunken courtyards, built in Caral, Supe Valley; Asia; Aspero; Salinas de Chao; El Paraíso; La Galgada; and Kotosh, Peru[xix]
  • 2500–1800 BCE: Elaborate twined textiles are created at Huaca Prieta in northern littoral Peru, part of the Norte Chico civilization[20]
  • 2000–1000 BCE: Poverty Point culture in northeastern Louisiana features stone work, flintknapping, earthenware, and effigy, conical, and platform mounds, too as pre-planned settlements on concentric earthen ridges
  • 1500 BCE–250 CE: Maya art is created in their Preclassic Period, in central and southeastern Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador
  • 1400–400 BCE: Olmec culture thrives in Norte Chico, the tropical lowlands of Mexico. Their art includes colossal basalt heads, jade sculpture, carved writing in stones, and ceramic effigy jars.
  • thousand–900 BCE: The Cascajal Cake is carved with writing by the Olmec people, condign the primeval known example of writing in the Americas[21]
  • 1000–200 BCE: Adena culture, known for its mound edifice, originates in Ohio and expands to Indiana, Westward Virginia, Kentucky, and parts of Pennsylvania and New York.
  • 900 BCE: Construction begins on Chavín de Huantar, a Chavín city in Callejón de Conchucos, Peru
  • 900–200 BCE: Chavín synthesis flourishes in cardinal coastal Peru and is characterized past monumental architecture,[22] goldsmithing, stirrup spout ceramics, and Karwa textiles[23]
  • 750–100 BCE: Paracas culture flourishes in south coastal Peru
  • 730 BCE: Porcupine quills used equally binding agent in Utah and Nevada[24]
  • 500 BCE: Zapotec civilization emerges in the Valley of Oaxaca, United mexican states. They are known for their ceramics, jewelry, and stonework.
  • 200 BCE–500 CE: The Hopewell tradition flourishes in Ohio, Ontario, and surrounding expanse, featuring ceramics, cut mica, weaving, carved pipes, and jewelry.

Common era [edit]

  • one–600: Moche culture flourishes in northern coastal Republic of peru, characterized by monumental adobe mounds, murals, metalwork, and ceramics[25]
  • i–700: Nasca culture thrives in southern coastal Peru, characterized by double spout and bridge vessels and the Nasca lines, monumental geoglyphs[26]
  • 200–700: Maya civilization's Classic Flow. Architecture, painting, stone glyphic writing, books, painting, ceramics, and Maya textiles created in primal and southeastern United mexican states, Republic of honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador
  • 400–900: Tiwanaku civilization emerges from Lake Titicaca and spreads to southern Republic of peru, eastern Republic of bolivia, and northern Chile
  • 500–900: Wari civilization dominates central coastal Peru
  • 755±65–890±65: likely dates of the Blythe Geoglyphs being sculpted by bequeathed Quechan and Mojave peoples in the Colorado Desert, California[27]
  • 800–1500: Mississippian cultures flourish in the Eastern Woodlands, featuring ceramics, vanquish engraving, textiles, woodcarving and stonework.
  • 900: Earliest event recorded in the Battiste Adept (1821–22, Sicangu Lakota) Winter count[28]
  • 900-1470: Chimú culture thrives in Chimor, today'south north coastal Republic of peru.[29] Their fine art is characterized by monochromatic pottery; fine metal working of copper, golden, silvery, statuary, and tumbago (copper and golden alloy);[30] and monumental abode construction in their upper-case letter city Chan Chan
  • 1000: Island of Marajó flourishes as an Amazonian ceramic center
  • 1000–1200: Dresden Codex written and illuminated. This Yucatecan Mayan codex from Chichén Itzá is the primeval known surviving book from the Americas[31]
  • thou–1200: Acoma Pueblo and Old Oraibi are established, get the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States[32] [33] [34]
  • 1070: Cracking Serpent Mound built in Ohio.[35]
  • 1100: Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Coulee reaches noon in size at 800 rooms[36]
  • 1100: Hohokam Culture reaches noon in present day Arizona[36]
  • 1142: Wampum invented past Ayenwatha, which the Haudenosaunee used to record information.[37] [38]
  • 1200–1533: Inca civilization originated in the Peruvian highlands and spreads beyond western South America
  • 1250: Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde, and other Ancestral Pueblo architectural complexes attain their apex[39]
  • 1325–1521: The Aztec Empire thrives, based in Tenochtitlan, cardinal United mexican states. Their arts are characterized by monumental rock architecture, turquoise mosaics, rock carving, ceramics, cotton wool textiles, and Aztec codices
  • 1430: Structure of Machu Picchu begins, a classic case of Incan compages
  • 1479: Aztec Sunday Stone, a monolithic agenda stone, almost 12 anxiety in diameter, is carved[40]
  • 1492: Drinking glass chaplet are introduced to Taíno people
  • 1500: Calusa civilisation flourishes in Key Marco, Florida,[39] characterized by woodcarving
  • 1500–1800: Navajo people learn loom-weaving techniques from Pueblo people[39]
  • 1600–1615: Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (Quechua) illustrates his 1,189-page book, El primer nueva corónica [sic] y buen gobierno.
  • 1600–1650: Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl (Texcocan, 1568/1580–1648) illustrates the Codex Ixtlilxochitl with watercolor paintings
  • 1688: European and Mestizo members of the Cuzco School part ways with the Indian painters, allowing them to develop their ain styles.[41]
  • 1725: Quebec Grey nuns and Mi'kmaq women devise new floral appliqué techniques in moose hair embroidery[42]

19th century [edit]

  • 1820s: Haida argillite carving emerges, in the wake of the declining Fur trade
  • 1820s: Tuscarora brothers David and Dennis Cusick, both self-taught artists, begin painting, founding the Iroquois Realist Movement
  • 1825: Ursuline nuns teach floral embroidery to Métis and Dene women in Fort Chipewyan and Winnipeg,[42] which will revolutionize Great Lakes quillwork, embroidery, and beadwork
  • 1830–1900: Tribes near Niagara Falls create beadwork whimsies, birch bark boxes, and other art forms, jumpstarting an active gift merchandise,[42] following the decline in the fur trade
  • 1840s: Zacharie Vincent (Huron, 1815–1886) begins his career as a realist oil painter
  • 1826/8: David Cusick (ca. 1780–ca. 1831) published his cocky-illustrated Sketches of Ancient History of the Half dozen Nations.
  • 1853: Atsidi Sani (ca. 1830–1918) becomes the first known Navajo silversmith
  • 1858–1869: Aron of Kangeq (1822–1869), a Kalaallit sculptor and carver, paints over 300 watercolors near traditional means of life in Greenland, later to be published in books
  • 1860s: Depletion of buffalo and forced relocation onto reservations causes Plains Indians to shift from hide painting to painting and drawing on cloth and paper, giving birth to Ledger art
  • 1876: Mississauga Ojibwe sculptor Edmonia Lewis is the talk of the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia for her awe-inspiring marble sculpture, The Death of Cleopatra.[43]
  • 1870–1900: Navajo weavers incorporate new Eyedazzler patterns and Germantown yarns.[44]
  • 1875–1878: Southern Plains artists imprisoned at Fort Marion become prolific Ledger artists
  • 1885–1890: Nampeyo and her husband Lesou (Hopi) revive Sikyátki way pottery[44]
  • 1885–1905: Alaska native arts thrive in the curio trade precipitated past the Klondike Gold Rush[44]
  • 1890s: Silver Horn (Kiowa, 1860/one-1940) creates paintings for anthropologist James Mooney[44]
  • 1895: John Leslie (Puyallup) published a book of his photography at Carlisle Indian School and exhibits his photographs at the Atlanta International Exposition[45] [46]
  • 1899: Tsimshian photographer Benjamin Haldane establishes a professional photography studio in Metlakatla, Alaska

20th century [edit]

  • 1904: Louisiana Buy Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri features Native American art, including paintings by Silver Horn (Kiowa)[47] and Narcissa Chisholm Owen (Cherokee), art by Geronimo (Chiricahua Apache), and many others
  • 1906–1915: Ho-Chunk creative person Angel De Cora serves as director of Carlisle Indian School'south Native American fine art program[48]
  • 1906: Carlisle Indian School builds state-of-the-art photography schoolhouse and offers photography classes to its Native students[46]
  • 1910s: Maria Martinez (1881–1980, San Ildefonso Pueblo) revives her tribe'due south blackware ceramics
  • 1910–1932: San Ildefonso Pueblo Painting Motion thrives in New United mexican states, led by artists Crescencio Martinez, Julian Martinez, Alfredo Montoya, Tonita Peña, Alfonso Roybal, and Abel Sanchez (Oqwa Pi)[49]
  • 1914: Louisa Keyser, Washoe handbasket maker, experiences acme of her fame[fifty]
  • 1915: Iñupiaq men invent baleen basketry[l]
  • 1916: In a controversial motility, Navajo weaver Hastiin Klah (1867–1937) incorporates Yeibichei imagery into a rug
  • 1917: Quechua photographer Martín Chambi establishes his own photography studio in Republic of peru
  • 1917–1930s: Seminole women in Florida develop their unique patchwork appliqué designs[51]
  • 1918: Julian Martinez (San Ildefonso Pueblo) invents the matte-on-glossy blackware ceramic technique
  • 1920s: The Kwakwaka'wakw Iv (Master George, Charley George, Sr., Willie Seaweed, and George Walkus) collaborate to revive and modernize Kwakwaka'wakw art
  • 1922: Social Indigenist move begins in Peru and thrives for iii decades
  • 1922: Offset Santa Fe Indian Market held, sponsored by the Museum of New United mexican states
  • 1925: Native Arts department of the Denver Art Museum was founded [52]
  • 1926: Indigenist Movement formed in Ecuador by Camilo Egas, Oswaldo Guayasamín, and other Quechua and Mestizo artists
  • 1927: First Nations fine art exhibited with Euro-Canadian art in the Exhibition of the Canadian West Coast Art in the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa[fifty]
  • 1928: Kiowa Vi participate in the International Fine art Congress in Prague, Czech Democracy
  • 1931: Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts opens at the 1000 Central Art Galleries in New York City.[fifty] Sponsored past the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Secretary of the Interior, and the College Art Association, the exhibition of over 600 artworks so toured the Venice Biennale.[53]
  • 1932: Kiowa Half dozen participate in the Venice Biennale. Their fine art, according to Dorothy Dunn, "was acclaimed the most popular exhibit among all the rich and varied displays assembled."[54]
  • 1932: Professor Mary Stone McClendon "Ataloa" (Chickasaw, 1895–1967) founds the Ataloa Art Lodge, a Native American art center at Bacone College, in Muskogee, Oklahoma[55]
  • 1932: The Studio at the Santa Fe Indian School is established past Dorothy Dunn
  • 1933–34: Century of Progress Exposition, meliorate known as the Chicago World's Fair features Native artists such as Navajo artists Fred Peshlaikai, Ah-Kena-Bah, and Hastiin Klah, as well equally Maria and Julian Martinez, who won Best in Evidence.[53]
  • 1934: Craft of the Indians of the Southwest opens at the DeYoung Museum in San Francisco[56]
  • 1934–1941: The Seneca Indian Arts Projection, a WPA-funded project at the Rochester Museum and Science Center, headed by Arthur C. Parker (Seneca), hires 70 Haudenosaunee artists to create nearly 6,000 artworks[53] [57]
  • 1936: Indian Arts and crafts Board created in the U.s.a.[50]
  • 1938: Osage Nation establishes the oldest tribal museum in Pawhuska, Oklahoma[58]
  • 1939: Many Native artists participate in the 1939 New York World's Fair including realist landscape painter Moses Stranger Horse (Brulé Lakota, 1890–1941)[59] and Fort Sill Apache sculptor Allan Houser (1914–1994)
  • 1939: Hopi artist Fred Kabotie curates a Native American art prove at the Aureate Gate International Exposition in San Francisco[lx]
  • 1941: Indian Art of the United States exhibition shows at the Museum of Modernistic Fine art, New York Urban center[56]
  • 1946: Qualla Arts and Crafts is founded on the Qualla Boundary in North Carolina by Eastern Band Cherokee artists, becoming the kickoff craft cooperative founded by Native Americans in the US[61]
  • 1948: Allan Houser completes his beginning awe-inspiring sculpture at the Haskell Indian School in Lawrence, Kansas
  • 1950s and 1960s: Maya weaving cooperatives established by the Mexican regime[62]
  • 1957: West Baffin Eskimo Co-op Ltd., an Inuit graphic arts workshop, is founded by James Archibald Houston in Cape Dorset, Nunavut.[63]
  • 1958: Yanktonai Dakota artist Oscar Howe (1915–1983) writes his famous letter of the alphabet after his work was rejected from the Philbrook Museum fine art testify for non being "Indian" plenty
  • 1958: Heard Museum Guild hosts their kickoff annual Indian Off-white and Market in Phoenix, Arizona
  • 1958–1962: Norval Morrisseau (Ojibwe) develops Woodlands Style painting in Ontario[64]
  • 1960: Oscar Howe appears on an episode of This Is Your Life, Ralph Edwards Productions, NBC, 13 April 1960. The guest host was Vincent Price. Amid the surprise guests was Howe's quondam teacher, Dorothy Dunn.[65]
  • 1962: The Institute of American Indian Arts is founded in Santa Fe, New Mexico
  • 1965: University of Alaska, Fairbanks creates their Native Fine art Center[64]
  • 1967: Fritz Scholder paints Indian No. 1, 1967, Oil paint on canvas, 20 x xviii in, the first of his famed Indian series paintings.[66]
  • 1967: Ruddy Cloud Indian School in Pine Ridge, South Dakota hosts its showtime almanac juried, competitive, intertribal fine art show which continues today[67]
  • 1971: The Cherokee Heritage Eye in Park Colina, Oklahoma hosts the first Trail of Tears art prove, an annual juried, competitive, intertribal art prove which besides continues today[68]
  • 1971: The Institute of American Indian Arts Museum (now called the Museum of Contemporary Native Arts) is founded by the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Iron, every bit the just museum to focus on gimmicky intertribal Native American fine art
  • 1972: 2 American Painters shows at the Smithsonian Institution'due south National Collection of Fine Arts in Washington, DC, featuring T. C. Cannon (Kiowa/Caddo) and Fritz Scholder (Luiseño)
  • 1977: Sna Jolobil (Business firm of the Weaver) in San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico becomes the first artist-run Mayan weaving cooperative[62]
  • 1990: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act passed in the US
  • 1990: American Indian Arts and Crafts Act passed in the US
  • 1992: Crow'south Shadow Found of the Arts, a center for fine printmaking, is founded by Walla Walla artist James Lavadour on the Umatilla Indian Reservation.[69]
  • 1992: Eiteljorg Museum hosts their first annual Indian Market and Festival
  • 1995: Edward Poitras (Plains Cree) represents Canada at the Venice Biennale, with Gerald McMaster (Plains Cree) curating.[seventy]
  • 1999: Native American Arts Alliance, curated past Nancy Mithlo (Chiricahua Apache) sponsors Native American artists Harry Fonseca, Bob Haozous, Jaune Quick-to-See Smith, Kay WalkingStick, Frank LaPena, Richard Ray Whitman, and poet Simon Ortiz in the Venice Biennale[71]
  • 2000: Mapuche printmaker Santos Chávez is granted the Altazor award and named "illustrious son" of Tirúa, Chile[72]

21st century [edit]

  • 2004: National Museum of the American Indian opens its doors in Washington, DC
  • 2005: Rebecca Belmore (Anishinaabe) represents Canada and James Luna (Luiseño) represents NMAI at the Venice Biennale.[73] [74]
  • 2006: Chile hosts its outset Biennial of Indigenous Fine art and Culture in Santiago, featuring over 120 artists from Chile'southward nine ethnic groups.[75]
  • 2006: The first Bienal Intercontinental de Arte Indigena (Intercontinental Indigenous Arts Biennial) is held in Quito, Ecuador[76]
  • 2009: Pottery by Jereldine Redcorn (Caddo), who singlehandedly revived her tribe's ceramic tradition, is exhibited in the Oval Office of the White Firm[77]

Encounter also [edit]

  • Archaeological sites in Republic of peru
  • Cultural periods of Peru
  • Indigenous fine art of the Americas
  • Indigenous ceramics of the Americas
  • Listing of ethnic artists of the Americas
  • Mesoamerican chronology
  • Native American Jewelry
  • Pre-Columbian fine art

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Anne-Marie Pesses and Niède Guidon. Dating Stone Art Paintings in Serra de Capivara National Park
  2. ^ Ker Than. "Oldest North American Rock Art May Be fourteen,800 Years Old." National Geographic. August 15, 2013.
  3. ^ Dell'Amore, Christine. "Oldest American Fine art Found on Mammoth Bone." National Geographic. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  4. ^ Choi, Charles. "Telephone call this aboriginal rock carving 'picayune horny human'." Scientific discipline on NBC News. 22 Feb 2012. Retrieved ix Apr 2012.
  5. ^ O'Brien, Michael John and R. Lee Lyman. 'Applying Evolutionary Archaeology: A Systematic Arroyo. New York: Springer, 2000: 355. ISBN 978-0-306-46253-v.
  6. ^ Wilford, John Noble. Scientist at Work: Anna C. Roosevelt: Sharp and To the Point In Amazonia. New York Times. 23 Apr 1996
  7. ^ "Dating a Paleoindian Site in the Amazon in Comparison with Clovis Civilisation." Science. March 1997: Vol. 275, no. 5308, pp. 1948–1952. Retrieved 1 Nov 2009.
  8. ^ Saraceni, Jessica E. and Adriana Franco da Sá. "People of South America." Archæology. Vol. 49, No. 4, July/August 1996. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  9. ^ "Dating Oldest Known Petroglyphs in N America." Scientific discipline Daily. 13 Aug 2013. Retrieved 13 Aug 2013.
  10. ^ Rock-Miller 17
  11. ^ Bement, 37
  12. ^ Bement 176
  13. ^ Straus, Lawrence Guy, Valentin Eriksen, Jon M. Erlandson, and David R. Yesner, eds. Humans at the end of the Ice Historic period: the archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition. New York: Plenum Printing, 1996:346. ISBN 0-306-45177-8.
  14. ^ UNESCO gives the dates: 11,000–9,500 BCE. "Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas." UNESCO World Heritage. 2010 (retrieved xv July 2010)
  15. ^ Penney, 128
  16. ^ Silverman and Isbell, 365
  17. ^ Walker, Amélie A. "Earliest Mound Site." Archaeology. Volume 51 Number i, January/February 1998 (retrieved 15 Nov 2011)
  18. ^ Josephy, 240
  19. ^ Stone-Miller, 21
  20. ^ Stone-Miller, eighteen-19
  21. ^ Martínez, Ma. del Carmen Rodríguez et al. Oldest Writing in the New World. Scientific discipline. Vol. 313, No. 5793, xv Sept 2006: 1610–1614. (retrieved 26 October 2009)
  22. ^ Stone-Miller, 28–29
  23. ^ Stone-Miller, 41
  24. ^ "Quillwork." The Arts: Fine Art, Gimmicky Fine art & Music. (retrieved 4 November 2009)
  25. ^ Stone-Miller, 82
  26. ^ Stone-Miller, 64
  27. ^ Malki Museum. Periodical of California and Great Basin Anthropology. 1994. Volume sixteen, Issue 1: 63
  28. ^ Greene and Thornton, 42
  29. ^ "Chapter 12 Ch. 12 Civilizations in the Americas: Chimú". Globe Civilization. OER Services.
  30. ^ Fester, G. A. (1962). "Copper and Copper Alloys in Aboriginal Argentina". Chymia. 8: 21–31. doi:10.2307/27757215. JSTOR 27757215.
  31. ^ "The Dresden Codex". World Digital Library. 1200–1250. Retrieved 2013-08-21 .
  32. ^ "Lucy Grand. Lewis Dies; Self-Taught Potter, 93". The New York Times. 1992-03-26.
  33. ^ Ancient Citadel. Smithsonian Magazine. April 2008.
  34. ^ Casey, Robert L. Journeying to the High Southwest. Guilford, CT: Earth Pequot Printing, 2007: 382. ISBN 978-0-7627-4064-2.
  35. ^ Saraceni, Jessica East. Redating the Ophidian Mound. Archaeology. Vol. 49, No. 6 Nov/Dec 1996 (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  36. ^ a b Berlo and Phillips, 274
  37. ^ Gawyehnehshehgowa: Great Law of Peace. Archived 2009-02-09 at the Wayback Machine Degiya'göh Resources. (retrieved fourteen March 2009)
  38. ^ Johansen, Bruce Eastward. Dating the Iroquois Confederacy. Akwesasne Notes. Fall 1995, Volume one, three & 4, pp. 62–63. (retrieved through Ratical.com, 26 Oct 2009)
  39. ^ a b c Berlo and Phillips, 275
  40. ^ "Aztec agenda stone." Aztec History. (retrieved 2 Nov 2009)
  41. ^ Fane, pp. 39–40
  42. ^ a b c Berlo and Phillips, 277
  43. ^ Wolfe, 93
  44. ^ a b c d Berlo and Phillips, 278
  45. ^ Turner, Laura. "John Nicholas Choate and the Product of Photography at the Carlisle Indian School." Visualizing a Mission: Artifacts and Imagery of the Carlisle Indian Schoolhouse, 1879–1918. (retrieved 15 March 2010)
  46. ^ a b Tsinhnahjinnie and Passalacqua, eleven
  47. ^ Swan, seventy-71
  48. ^ McAnulty, Sarah. Affections DeCora: American Artists and Educator. (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  49. ^ Brody, J.J. "A Bridge Across Cultures: Pueblo Painters in Santa Fe, 1910–1932. Santa Iron: Wheelwright Museum, 1992
  50. ^ a b c d east Berlo and Phillips, 279
  51. ^ Downs, 90
  52. ^ https://denverartmuseum.org/sites/default/files/pr/DAM%20Announces%20New%20Curatorial%20Appointments_FINAL_0.pdf [ dead link ]
  53. ^ a b c "Art Museums Detect Indian Art." 28 October 2011. Retrieved iv June 2012.
  54. ^ Dunn, 240
  55. ^ Well-nigh Ataloa/Mary Stone McClendon. Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine Bacone College. 2007 (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  56. ^ a b Seymour 346
  57. ^ "The Indian Arts Project (1935–1941)." Rochester Museum and Science Center. (retrieved 6 Feb 2011)
  58. ^ Osage Nation Museum. Archived 2008-ten-24 at the Wayback Motorcar Osage Nation. (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
  59. ^ Libhart, thirty
  60. ^ Seymour, 244
  61. ^ Qualla Arts and Crafts (retrieved 26 October 2009)
  62. ^ a b Economic science. Archived 2009-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Woven Voices: Textiles Traditions in the Highland Mayan. (retrieved 26 October 2009)
  63. ^ Ingo, 49
  64. ^ a b Berlo and Phillips, 280
  65. ^ "This is your life Oscar Howe, 1960 April 13 | the University of Southward Dakota Archives and Special Collections Finding Aids".
  66. ^ "How Native American Artist Fritz Scholder Forever Changed the Art Globe".
  67. ^ "Art Show." Archived 2011-03-15 at the Wayback Motorcar Red Cloud Indian School: Museum and Heritage Eye. (retrieved 6 December 2010)
  68. ^ "Trail of Tears Art Prove." Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Automobile Cherokee Heritage Center. (retrieved 6 Dec 2010)
  69. ^ Artists:James Lavadour. Archived 2009-09-30 at the Wayback Machine Crow's Shadow Institute of the Arts. (retrieved ane Nov 2009)
  70. ^ Ancient Artists, Contemporary. The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. (retrieved 20 Nov 2009)
  71. ^ "Organizational Background." Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Automobile Nancy Marie Mithlo. 2007-nine (retrieved one Dec 2009)
  72. ^ Fiamma, Paula. Santos Chávez: World's Printer. Neustro.cl: Chilean Cultural Heritage Site. July 2004 (retrieved three Nov 2009)
  73. ^ McFadden and Taubman, 248
  74. ^ Martin, Lee-Ann. "The Waters of Venice." Rebecca Belmore: Curatorial Essays. (retrieved 21 March 2011)
  75. ^ Estrada, Daniela. Chile: Exhibit to Celebrate Indigenous Art. Inter Press Service. 2008 (retrieved iii Nov 2009)
  76. ^ "Primera Bienal Intercontinental de Arte Indigena." (retrieved half dozen Dec 2010)
  77. ^ Benac, Nancy. "Majuscule Culture: Mod fine art hits 1600 Pa. Ave." Associated Press. 6 Oct 2009 (retrieved 27 October 2009)

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  • Fane, Diana, ed. Converging Cultures: Art & Identity in Castilian America. New York: Harry Due north. Abrams, 1996. ISBN 0-87273-134-0.
  • Greene, Candace S. and Russel Thornton, ed. The Yr the Stars Savage: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2007. ISBN 0-8032-2211-4
  • Hessel, Ingo. Arctic Spirit: Inuit Art from the Albrecht Drove at the Heard Museum. Phoenix: Heard Museum, 2006. ISBN 9781553651895.
  • Josephy, Alvin M., Jr. The Indian heritage of America. Boston: Mariner Books, 2001. ISBN 978-0-395-57320-four.
  • Libhart, Myles. Contemporary Sioux Painting. Rapid City, SD: Indian Craft Lath, 1970. ASIN B001Y46FHS.
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  • Seymour, Tryntje Van Ness. When the Rainbow Touches Down. Phoenix, AZ: Heard Museum, 1988. ISBN 0-934351-01-5.
  • Silverman, Helaine and William Isbell, eds. Handbook of South American Archæology. New York: Springer Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-75228-0.
  • Swan, Daniel C. Peyote Religious Art: Symbols and Organized religion and Belief. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1999. ISBN 1-57806-096-half-dozen.
  • Stone-Miller, Rebecca. Art of the Andes: from Chavín to Inca. London: Thames and Hudson, 2002. ISBN 978-0-500-20363-7.
  • Tsinhnahjinnie, Hulleah J. and Veronica Passalacqua, eds. Our People, Our Land, Our Images: International Indigenous Photography. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-59714-057-7.
  • Wolfe, Rinna Evelyn. Edmonia Lewis: Wildfire in Marble. Parsippany, New Jersey, 1998. ISBN 0-382-39714-two

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Native_American_art_history

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